2010年12月26日星期日

How Can Potential Grantees Apply for an SGP Grant?

1. The process:
If you answer NO to any of the following questions, you are NOT eligible to apply for funding from SGP:
2. what is SGP
the Small Grants Programme (SGP) has been working with communities around the world to combat the most critical environmental problems and has successfully demonstrated that supporting communities in their efforts to achieve more sustainable livelihoods is not only possible, but extremely important in bringing change and achieving global environmental benefits.
3. Who is potential grantees
SGP complements the large and medium-sized GEF project funding by providing a window for the direct participation of NGOs, local communities, and other grassroots organizations.

SGP is rooted in the belief that global environmental problems can only be addressed adequately if local people are involved and that with small amounts of funding, local communities can undertake activities that will make a significant difference in their lives and their environment.

The SGP's starting point in terms of global benefit is to ensure that each project concept/proposal fits the GEF criteria, and that each proposal clearly articulates how project objectives and activities would have an impact in the GEF focal areas and associated operational programs.

Grants are made directly to community-based organizations (CBOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in developing countries in recognition of the key role they play as a resource and constituency for environment and development concerns.

The maximum grant amount per project is US$50,000, but averages around US$20,000. Grants are channeled directly to CBOs and NGOs.

4.Focal area
The main focal areas of the programme are climate change abatement and adaptation, conservation of biodiversity, protection ofinternational waters, reduction of the impact of persistent organic pollutants and prevention of land degradation

5 A case study : Global Environment Facility (GEF) Projects in China

Overview
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) provides grants and concessional loans to UNDP and World Bank-eligible countries to co-finance projects and programs that both protect the global environment and promote sustainable economic growth.  The GEF is an independent financial institution which began as a pilot program in 1991 and was formally established in 1994. It funds the agreed incremental costs of activities that benefit the global environment in six focal areas:  climate change; biological diversity; international waters; persistent organic pollutants, land degradation and stratospheric ozone depletion.  The Climate Change, Biodiversity and POPs Conventions have designated the GEF as their funding mechanism.  Countries must ratify the relevant convention to qualify for GEF support in these three focal areas.

Countries access GEF resources through either one of three "implementing agencies":  the UN Development Program (UNDP), the UN Environment Program (UNEP) and the World Bank, or through several "executing agencies" (including the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The GEF Secretariat, which is functionally independent from the three implementing agencies, reports to and services the GEF Council (Board) and Assembly. The Ministry of Finance is the Focal Point for coordinating GEF projects in China.

The following completed and ongoing GEF co-financed projects have been facilitated by the World Bank:
Global Climate Change

Issues and Options and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Control.  This $2 million GHG control strategy study was conducted in partnership with the State Development Planning Commission, State Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Industry and Shanxi Provincial Government and was completed in November 1994. It identified a pipeline of priority GHG reduction projects, many of which the GEF has subsequently co-financed, through the World Bank, as summarized below. 

SichuanGas Transmission and Distribution Rehabilitation.  A $10 million GEF grant for this project was approved in March 1994, which complemented a World Bank loan for natural gas development in Sichuan Province.  The GEF funds helped rehabilitate the provincial gas transmission and distribution systems to reduce methane gas losses and improve network performance. 

Efficient Industrial Boilers.  A $32.8 million GEF grant was approved in December 1996 to support a Ministry of Machine Building Industry program to transfer nine more fuel-efficient, small and medium-sized coal-fired industrial boiler designs to China.

Energy Conservation.  A $22 million GEF grant, supplemented by a World Bank loan of $63 million and a European Commission grant of $5 million, was approved in March 1998 to establish, demonstrate and disseminate the Energy Service Company (EMC) concept for improving energy efficiency. This project is nearing completion.


Energy Conservation Phase II.  A $26 million follow-up GEF grant is helping to expand China’s nascent Energy Management Company industry from the 3 pilot EMCs launched under the first Energy Conservation Project to a nationwide network of EMC businesses.

Renewable Energy Development. A $27 million GEF grant and a companion World Bank loan of $13 million is promoting photo-voltaic electric power systems and grid-connected wind generation.  The project is coordinated by the National Development and Reform Commission.

BeijingEnvironment II.  A $25 million GEF grant and a World Bank loan of $349 million were approved in mid-2000 for this project.  It supports the Beijing municipal government’s efforts to alleviate air and water pollution by converting scattered coal-fired boilers to natural gas, improving the efficiency of coal-fired heating systems, providing wastewater collection and treatment to the Liangshi River basin, which covers over a quarter of the city, and strengthening environmental management.
Heat Reform and Building Energy Efficiency.  This $18 million GEF grant was approved in March 2005 and would support improvements in building energy efficiency through demonstrations of better building designs, improved construction, and new materials, and through new building codes and standards and their implementation. Institutional relationships between developers, equipment and material manufacturers, and government regulators would be improved to promote energy efficient buildings within a market economy.

Renewable Energy Scale-Up Program.  This program was just approved in June 2005, with Phase 1 GEF grant assistance in the amount of $40 million, complementing a World Bank Loan of $87 million.  It will give major emphasis to development of grid-connected renewable energy from mature technologies such as wind-power, small hydropower and biomass, and to off-grid applications of renewable energy, including PV.  The Project aims to reduce GHG emissions from coal-fired electricity generation by creating sustainable commercial markets for power from renewable energy.

Energy Efficient Rural Health Clinics.  This GEF grant of $750,000 is to demonstrate more energy efficient passive solar building designs for rural health clinics that will make buildings warmer in winter, save fuel and reduce indoor air pollution. 

Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Irrigated Agriculture Project. This $5 million grant approved in April 2008 is to be partially blended with the ongoing, Bank-financed Irrigated Agriculture Intensification III Project which would be modified to incorporate climate change adaptation. The project aims to enhance adaptation to climate change in agriculture and irrigation water management practices through awareness-raising, institutional and capacity strengthening, and demonstration activities in the Huang-Huai-Hai Basin.

ChinaEnergy Efficiency Financing Project. This $13.5 million GEF grant was approved in May 2008 and would be blended with a World Bank loan of $200 million.  The project will foster the development of large-scale energy efficiency loan programs in the Export-Import Bank of China (EXIM), Huaxia Bank (Huaxia) and other domestic participating banks so that those banks can lend for energy conservation projects ranging from $5 million to $10 million, especially in heavy industries.

Urban Transport Partnership Program Project. This $21 million grant was approved in June 2008.The program aims to achieve a paradigm shift in China's urban transport and land-use policies and investments toward the promotion of public and non-motorized transport, modes that are less energy intensive and polluting than those fostered by current urban land-use planning and transport systems in China.

Thermal Power Efficiency Project. This $19.7 million grant was approved in May 2009. The program will support closure of inefficient small-sized coal-fired power generation units, demonstrative projects for increasing power plant efficiency through measures such as conversion of mid-sized power generation only units into combined heat and power (CHP) units, waste heat recovery and utilization for district heating, and transition from current system dispatch practices to an efficient generation dispatch. The goal of the project is to reduce coal consumption and greenhouse gas emission per unit of electricity production in Shanxi, Shandong and Guangdong Provinces.  The project will support pilot programs and demonstration sub-projects in these provinces.


7 A Project :江苏国信新能源公司
                                  江苏国信新能源公司的GEF赠款使用计划
内容
金额
(美元)
实施时间
1
支持秸秆发电项目顺利实施
370,000
1.1
秸秆成分和特性分析、草木灰综合利用技术开发。
(1)将秸秆送到国外、国内有能力的机构进行成分化验;购置秸秆分析与检测仪器;对相关技术人员进行培训。(2)对秸秆发电的灰渣——草木灰进行成分分析;进行草木灰综合利用开发生态有机肥。
50,000
世界银行贷款项目生效之日起1.5年内完成
1.2
厂房概念性设计、锅炉岛和前处理系统的选型调研。
(1)对国外秸秆发电厂、锅炉岛和秸秆前处理系统的制造厂家进行调研;与设计院、咨询公司就厂房概念性设计、设备选型、技术规范编制进行专题调研。(2)对国外锅炉岛和秸秆前处理系统的使用运营情况进行调研;与招标采购代理机构、设计院、咨询公司研讨锅炉岛和秸秆前处理系统的采购事宜。(3)到国外电厂及相关机构进行调研。
100,000
同上
1.3
锅炉岛和前处理系统招标和合同谈判的咨询。
聘请国外咨询公司,对锅炉岛和秸秆前处理系统的国际招标采购提供技术支持,协助进行招标文件的编制、评审、技术评标及合同谈判。
100,000
同上
1.4
锅炉岛和前处理系统的工厂监造和验收、安装与调试咨询。
(1)聘请国内或国外专家对锅炉岛和前处理系统进行工厂监造和验收;(2)聘请国外咨询师对锅炉岛和秸秆前处理系统等关键设备的安装、调试提供咨询。
100,000
同上
1.5
进口设备招标采购及与世行之间相关工作的法律咨询服务。
聘请国内有从事过国际招标采购项目、能够使用英语作为工作语言的涉外律师,为锅炉岛和秸秆前处理系统的招投标、合同谈判、外贸采购以及与世行之间相关工作,提供相关文件的起草、审核等法律咨询服务。
20,000
同上
2
支持项目公司的能力建设和技能提高
200,000
2.1
项目管理、生产运行及管理人员培训。
(1)参与世行及其他机构举办的财务、采购、项目管理等课程的培训;(2)派出电厂生产运行及管理人员到国外相关电厂、国内相关机构进行生产准备及电厂运行管理方面的培训。
130,000
同上
2.2
秸秆收购网络建设及收购管理人员、经纪人培训。通过建设秸秆收购站,开发管理系统,招聘秸秆收购管理人员,并对管理人员、农民经纪人进行相关培训,从而建成秸秆收购网络,以保证秸秆发电燃料的正常供应。
70,000
同上
3
支持项目公司快速发展战略以促进可再生能源规模化发展
280,000
3.1
生产工艺和生产设备的本土化技术开发。将就锅炉岛、秸秆打包机和打包带等的生产工艺、生产设备的引进、消化、吸收进行技术开发。
200,000
世界银行贷款项目生效之日起2年内完成
3.2
利用海边滩涂开发种植油脂秸秆品种
与科研院所合作开发适合海边生长的高燃值油脂秸秆。
80,000
同上
4
支持项目公司开发新的可再生能源项目以促进示范省可再生能源的规模化发展
150,000
4.1
新的可再生能源项目的前期工作。为促进可再生能源项目的规模化发展,在示范省内及其他地区开展可再生能源新项目的资源调查、选址、项目可行性研究等前期工作。
150,000
同上
合计
1,000,000

9 GEF in china: Website 




2010年12月25日星期六

Biomass:Straw Densification Briquetting Fuel

Straw Densification Briquetting Fuel is a technology, which convert agricultural waste such as straw into bio-fuel of high-grade and high density.Based on the structural features of agricultural straw and with briquetting principle, it mixes the smashed agricultural straw with other additives at certain ratio and briquette them into the fuel of low volume, high density and high heat value. It is examined that the heat value of SDBF is 20 per cent higher than that of direct straw combustion, and production cost is lower than that of coal. Therefore, SDBF could be used as an alternative to common household energy source like coal.


四个问题:
  • 一是资源收集和储运的高成本问题;二是成型机快速磨损问题;三是燃烧设备中受热面飞灰沉积和腐蚀问题;四是原材料脱水问题.


A company: 北京蓝昆立行生物工程技术有限公司



  • "Beijing Lankunlixing Biological Engineering Technology Co., Ltd is a comprehensive high-tech enterprise specializing in biological engineering and technology research, developing and manufacturing equipments, productively promoting of scientific research, applying and marketing the biological products. In recent years, the company has been focusing on ecological agriculture and profitable agriculture. We have made every effort in changing waste in agriculture and forestry into the useful things and the results are remarkable. "


A Case Study:
          Resource : AREED

  • AREED provides early-stage funding and enterprise development services to entrepreneurs, helping build successful businesses that supply clean energy technologies and services to to rural and peri-urban African customers.

  • Abstract: The development of renewable energy, to some degree, exists risks in economic benefit, there is no exception with that of Straw Densification Briquetting Fuel. Depending on the method of Technology and Economics, by adopting Internal Ratio of Return as the analyzing object, this paper analyzes the uncertain factors: price, cost, output and the amount of investment, which result in risks in the production of Straw Densification Briquetting Fuel. It comes to the conclusion that the price of Straw Densification Briquetting Fuel and the production cost are the sensitive factors. When the price and the cost change by 1% respectively, the corresponding Internal Ratio of Return vary from 1.09%~-1.25% and 0.78%~ -0.89%. According to the analysis, this paper not only deals with causes of risks but also offers countermeasures and suggestions, with the aim to reducing economic damage and receiving optimized economic return, thus Straw Densification Briquetting Fuel develops dramatically and contributes to both emergent energy problem in rural areas and the relief of the approaching energy crisis in China.

2010年12月21日星期二

Similar Model but the Different Orgnaizations

Case Study A:
The UK Network of Environmental Economists

The UK Network of Environmental Economists aims to bring together environmental economists from academia, consultancy and public and private sectors to foster closer relationships, follow recent developments and share experience.
UKNEE is managed by eftec (Economics for the Environment Consultancy) and supported by Defra (UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the Environment Agency for England and Wales and eftec.

eftec, the leading environmental economics consultancy in the UK, provides economic analysis for sound, effective and sustainable environmental policy and management.
Since 1992, we have been collaborating with environmental scientists, engineers and market researchers to:
  • generate and interpret qualitative and quantitative evidence on the benefits provided by the environment and cultural heritage, and on the costs of their degradation such as air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, climate change, coastal erosion, and others
  • conduct cost benefit and cost effectiveness analyses that reflect social preferences for environmental policies, major infrastructure projects, flood prevention, and remediation of contaminated land and groundwater among others
  • design and review green taxes, tradable permits and voluntary agreements in waste management, agriculture, and in the control of air and water pollution, and
  • provide training in all aspects of environmental economics.
In 2004, we set up the UK Network of Environmental Economists (UKNEE), which holds regular seminars and the annual conference on applied environmental economics, envecon, with growing attendance from the UK and around the world.

Case Study B:

The Midlands Energy Graduate School (MEGS)

The Midlands Energy Graduate School (MEGS) is an exciting new collaboration between the University of Birmingham, Loughborough University and University of Nottingham. Combining the capabilities of three of the leading universities in the UK for energy related research and teaching, MEGS will help meet the growing demand in the UK for more highly trained low carbon technologies researchers. MEGS will achieve this through enhancing the postgraduate training programme for energy researchers by delivering a mix of both specialist knowledge and multidisciplinary training.


The Midlands Energy Consortium comprises the University of Birmingham, Loughborough University and the University of Nottingham. It is supported by the regional development agencies Advantage West Midlands and East Midlands Development Agency.
The Midlands Energy Consortium is honoured to host the new Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) - a public-private partnership established to speed up the deployment of new low-carbon energy technologies in support of the UK's energy and climate change goals.




Less Energy Making Your Room More Warmer.

One of my friends complain that the accommodation company reduced the radiator, the friend said, so that in a freezing room for several day.


I share a idea as the picture below. Using foil make a fan and then put on the top of radiator. The principle is that making more hot surface acting with the room air. By the way, it is also can save energy for a family in the winter and achieve the same room temperature.





2010年12月19日星期日

The Opportunities for Developing Countries

I met a student major in renewable energy engineering who do business about renewable energy in a developing country on the hop-bus. We had a short tall about his business.He was so interested when I mention some grants or funding opportunities for the renewable energy industry of developing nations.He said we can cooperation each other when when got off the bus. Yes, we should make full use of all the resource for the development of developing counties. So I try to gather more the information in here and share it.

1. The World Bank


World Bank’s Fund for The Poorest Receives Almost $50 Billion in Record Funding


Brussels, December 15, 2010 — A final agreement was reached today on a US$49.3 billion funding package for the International Development Association (IDA), the World Bank’s fund for the poorest countries and a key actor in progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals.



The World Bank Business Center provides a guide to the range of business and investment opportunities created by the work of the World Bank Group, which lends over US$24 billion to developing country governments to fund projects for economic development and poverty reduction each year.
This level of investment generates around 40,000 contracts, ranging in size from a few thousand dollars, to multi-million dollar expenditures for the delivery of a vast range of goods and services. Also, the Bank Group provides an extensive array of services and advice and facilitates private sector finance and investment in developing countries to promote growth and opportunity.


The Development Grant Facility (DGF) is the Bank’s mechanism to provide direct grant support for innovative Global Partnership Programs that are of high value to our client countries but cannot be supported adequately through regular Bank country assistance operations or our economic and sector work. The DGF enables the Bank to participate with partners in funding GPPs that support the supply of critical global public goods.

A case: Contributing to knowledge for development-- Global Development Network 


        Proposed Projects in China 



2.  Carbon trading schemes around the world
Companies and governments around the world are turning to emissions trading as a weapon to fight climate change and join a global carbon market worth $144 billion last year.Under cap-and-trade schemes, companies or countries face a carbon limit. If they exceed the limit they can buy allowances from others. They can also buy carbon offsets from outside projects which avoid greenhouse gas emissions, often from developing countries.


  • 1. Kyoto Protocol : Mandatory for 37 developed nations, excluding the United States which never ratified the pact.
  • Launched: 2005
  • Covers: All six main greenhouse gases.
  • Target: 5 percent average cut in 1990 emissions in 2008-2012 first phase.
  • How it works: Rich countries cut greenhouse gases at home or buy emissions rights from one other -- if one country stays within its target it can sell the difference to another emitting too much. Or they can buy carbon offsets from projects in developing countries under Kyoto's clean development mechanism.
  • The present round of the Kyoto Protocol expires in 2012 and U.N. climate talks in Mexico last week put off decisions on cutting emissions to next year.
  • 2. European Union Emissions Trading Scheme:
  • Launched: 2005
  • Covers: Nearly half of all EU carbon emissions. Mandatory for all 27 EU members.
  • Target: 21 percent cut below 2005 levels by 2020
  • How it works: Member states allocate a quota of carbon emissions allowances to 11,000 industrial installations. Companies get most permits free now but many electricity generators will have to pay for all these from 2013.
  • Companies can buy carbon offsets from developing countries if that works out cheaper than cutting their own emissions.
  • 3. New Zealand emissions trading scheme
  • Launched July 1, 2010. Mandatory.
  • Covers: Forestry started first. Electricity, industrial process emissions and transport pollution were included from July. Waste to start in 2013. Agriculture to start 2015.
  • Target: The government has pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions between 10 and 20 percent by 2020 on 1990 levels.
  • How it works: Emissions units are allocated based on an average of production across each industry. From July 1, 2010, to January 1, 2013, emitters have the option of paying a fixed price of NZ$25 per tonne of carbon, and will only have to surrender 1 unit for every 2 units of emissions. Such assistance will be gradually phased out.
  • 4. Northeast U.S. states' Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) Launched: January 2009
  • Covers: carbon from power plants in 10 northeast states. Allows offsets from five different types of clean energy projects including capturing methane from landfills and livestock manure.
  • Target: 10 percent cut below 2009 levels by 2018
  • 5. Japan: Tokyo metropolitan trading scheme
  • Launched: April 2010
  • Covers: Around 1,400 top emitters
  • How it works: Tokyo city sets emissions limits for large factories and offices to meet by using technology like solar panels and advanced fuel-saving devices. Target: Japan aims to cut emissions by 25 percent by 2020 from 1990 levels. The government hopes to pass a climate bill in parliament early next year that would include a national trading scheme, starting 2013 at the earliest. Details are still being debated.
  • Japan is also pushing ahead with a bilateral offsets scheme by promoting emissions reduction projects in developing countries.
  • PROPOSED
  • 1. Australia: Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS)
  • The government is pushing for a decision next year on how to price carbon emissions. It will need support from Greens and independent lawmakers.
  • The government failed to pass the CPRS, a national trading scheme that had been planned to start mid-2011. It is now expected to opt either for an initial carbon price, a trading scheme that starts with the power sector or a hybrid.
  • Target: National target to cut greenhouse gases by 5-25 percent below 2000 levels by 2020, depending on what other countries commit to.
  • 2. Californian climate change law
  • Launch: Law passed in 2006; carbon trade to launch 2012
  • Covers: Economy-wide emissions, from power plants, manufacturing and, in 2015, transportation fuels.
  • How it works: Would give away most of its credits to polluters in the early years of the plan.
  • Target: To cut the state's emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.
  • 3. Western Climate Initiative (WCI)
  • Launch: Phased introduction from 2012
  • Covers: 11 U.S. states and Canadian provinces.
  • Target: 15 percent cut below 2005 levels by 2020
  • How it works: Emitters such as power plants would have to buy offsets to cover their emissions from 2012. The offset limit will be calculated as a percentage of compliance to allow the WCI to be more easily linked with other trading systems. Transport would be included in 2015.
  • 5. South Korea emissions trading scheme
  • Launch: Phase 1 runs from 2013-2015
  • Covers: About 470 companies or operations that emit more than 25,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually and are collectively responsible for 60 percent of the country's emissions. All sectors to be covered.
  • Government expected to introduce laws into parliament by end December and to pass them during 2011.
  • Target: Government has set a 2020 emissions reduction target of 30 percent below forecast "business as usual" levels.
  • 6. Taiwan
  • Launch: Possibly 2011
  • Covers: Nearly 270 companies responsible for more than half of Taiwan's greenhouse gas pollution have agreed to supply emissions data to the government to help it launch a carbon offset scheme. Legislation to limit greenhouse gas emissions has struggled to get through parliament since the government introduced a bill in 2008. The bill envisages a three-stage plan that would lead up to a fully-fledged mandatory emissions trading scheme.
  • Target: Taiwan aims to cut CO2 to 2005 levels by 2020.
  • 7. India: Perform, Achieve and Trade system.
  • Launch: April, 2011. Trading from 2014.
  • A mandatory energy efficiency trading scheme covering more than 700 companies in nine sectors responsible for 65 percent of India's industrial energy consumption.
  • How will it work? Details are being finalized but, based on historical performance, annual efficiency targets will be allocated to firms according to individual baselines or performance bands. Firms that beat their targets will be credited for their reductions. Those that don't will pay a penalty or buy credits from firms that are more efficient.
  • Target: India has pledged a 20-25 percent reduction in emissions intensity from 2005 levels by 2020.

(Sources: Reuters, Point Carbon, IDEAcarbon, California Air Resources Board, Western Climate Initiative)
3. Small grants

Social Development Civil Society Fund


Created in 1983, the Social Development Civil Society Fund (CSF- formerly known as the Small Grants Program) is one of the few global programs of the World Bank that directly funds civil society organizations. It is a concrete tool to aid in the advancement of the Bank’s social development agenda to empower poor and marginalized groups. With funds from the Development Grants Facility, the program is administered through participating World Bank Country Offices reaching civil society organizations through transparent and competitive processes.
Purpose of the Social Development Civil Society Fund:The purpose of the CSF is to strengthen the voice and influence of poor and marginalized groups in the development processes, thereby making these processes more inclusive and equitable. To this end, it supports activities of civil society organizations whose primary objective is encouraging and supporting civic engagement of these target populations. By involving citizens who are often excluded from the public arena, and increasing their capacity to influence policy and program decisions, the CSF helps facilitate ownership of development initiatives by a broader sector of society.


Established in 1991, the GEF is today the largest funder of projects to improve the global environment. The GEF has allocated $9.2 billion, supplemented by more than $40 billion in cofinancing, for more than 2,700 projects in more than 165 developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Through its Small Grants Programme (SGP), the GEF has also made more than 12,000 small grants directly to nongovernmental and community organizations, totalling $495 million.

Established in 1990, the Global Environment Fund (GEF) invests in businesses around the world that provide cost-effective solutions to environmental and energy challenges.  The firm manages private equity dedicated to clean technology, emerging markets, and sustainable forestry, with approximately $1 billion in aggregate capital under management.  GEF’s investors include prominent endowments, foundations, family offices, and pension funds.


Reference:

The World Bank Business Center 





Global Environment Fund (GEF)